Timeline of the Israelite Kingdoms

United Israelite Kingdom

Saul	c. 1030 – c. 1010 BC
David	c. 1010 – c. 970 BC
Solomon	c. 970 – 931 BC

It should be noted that David didn’t immediately become king of the other eleven tribes upon Saul’s death. David ruled Judah first for seven and a half years, with Hebron as his capital, before he became king of the unified kingdom. Therefore, David ruled over all of the tribes of Israel for only 33 years, 40 years over the tribe of Judah (1 Kings 2:10-11). Saul’s son Ishbosheth became king of the northern kingdom of Israel upon Saul's death, before he was murdered by his two officers.

Solomon ruled for 40 years, though one of his officers named Jeroboam rebelled against his rule in the last year of Solomon’s rule.

In the 4th year of Solomon’s reign, 1 Kings 6:1 indicated that 480 years had passed since Moses led the Israelite tribes in exodus out of Egypt. This would mean that the Exodus happened about 1447-1446 BC.

Kingdoms of Judah and Israel

Judah Rehoboam 931-913 BC Abijah 913-911 BC Asa 911-870 BC Jehosphaphat 870-848 BC Jehoram 848-841 BC Ahaziah 841 BC Athaliah 841-835 BC Joash 835-796 BC Amaziah 796-781 BC Uzziah 781-740 BC Jotham 740-736 BC Ahaz 736-716 BC Hezekiah 716-687 BC Manasseh 687-642 BC Amon 642-640 BC Josiah 640-609 BC Joahaz 609 BC Jehoiakim 609-598 BC Jehoaichin 598 BC Zedekiah 598-587 BC

Israel Jeroboam I 931-910 BC Nadab 910-909 BC Baasha 909-886 BC Elah 886-885 BC Zimri 885 BC Omri 885-874 BC Ahab 874-853 BC Ahaziah 853-852 BC Joram 852-841 BC Jehu 841-814 BC Jehoahaz 814-798 BC Jehoash 798-783 BC Jeroboam II 783-743 BC Zechariah 743 BC Shallum 743 BC Menahem 743-738 BC Pekahiah 738-737 BC Pekah 737-732 BC Hoshea 732-723 BC

Below is a table that lists the periods of Hebrew-Israel history, politically and in literature.

Year	Period
957 – 587/6 BC	First Temple period
587/6 – 538 BC	Babylonian exile
538 BC – AD 70	Second Temple period
c. 300 BC – c. AD 200	Dead Sea Scrolls

The kingdoms of the Israelite people fall under the First Temple period, beginning with Solomon’s completion of the temple in Jerusalem till the fall of Jerusalem and destruction of Solomon’s temple, in 587/6 BCE. They include the united monarchy under Solomon, and the divided kingdoms after Solomon's death.

Israel, the northern kingdom, fell to the Assyrians, particularly after the capture of its capital, Samaria, in 721 BCE.

According to the OT, in 2 Kings, the Babylonians captured Jerusalem and deported many of its nobles and craftsmen as hostages to Babylon. The king was Nebuchadrezzar II (reign, c. 605–c. 561 BCE), the second king of the Chaldean dynasty. It was the zenith of the Babylonian empire, known as the Neo-Babylonian period. Nebuchadrezzar’s empire absorbed the Assyrian Empire, and extended from Egypt in the west to Elam/Persia in the east. The Babylonian empire, under Nabonidus, fell to Cyrus II (c. 550-529 BCE) with the fall of Babylon, in October of 539 BCE.

For Jewish history, their period of captivity was known as the Babylonian Exile, from 586–538 BCE. According to many Biblical scholars (though some disagree), much of the Hebrew scriptures were composed, edited and interpreted during this period and afterward. This work of composition and further editing continued when Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem in 538 BCE.